Multi-million dollar award signals strong support for Cummins' hydrogen engines

Hydrogen truck cab

Roughly three years ago there was not much talk about hydrogen engines according to Jim Nebergall, Executive Director – Market Strategy, Cummins Inc. 

“When I started, nobody knew what this was,” said Nebergall who also serves as Cummins’ general manager of hydrogen engines. “We decided this is important enough for Cummins to focus on.”

The Biden administration, the European Union and the United Kingdom have certainly expressed support. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has remained tepid. Hydrogen engines have not been included in their zero-emission vehicle rules. Ultimately, Cummins continues to advocate for the technology as the sooner fleets can get to reducing emissions with proven engine technology, the better. 

The Biden administration has taken notice of the impressive potential of hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICE). Federal policymakers have given a thumbs up to Cummins, Paccar and Mahle (a tier two supplier for Cummins) for their work in hydrogen combustion. The three were awarded a total of $10.5 million from the Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office for research and development.

Cummins Chair and CEO Jennifer Rumsey recognized the award as an important milestone. 

“Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICE) are essential to achieving our Destination Zero strategy, which is our dual-path approach to reducing the greenhouse gas and air quality impacts of our products,” said Rumsey. “Hydrogen ICE provide a zero-carbon solution that builds on existing engine-based platforms and are capable of meeting the new, more stringent 2027 NOx regulations, which are more than 80 percent more stringent than today’s regulations. We support legislation enabling this critical clean energy technology.”

H2-ICE costs much less than fuel cell and all-electric while delivering power that is on par with diesel. Fifteen minute refueling times and a 500-mile range with familiar engine architecture that does not require huge and costly shifts in shop tooling and training are all big wins. 

Emissions is where H2-ICE really shines. Emissions are low enough with Cummins’ line of hydrogen engines to meet the EU’s definition of heavy-duty zero-emission vehicles. 

Cary Chenanda, Vice President - Cummins Emissions Solutions, pointed out that the harder an engine is pushed, the greater its emissions. Carbon dioxide, a destructive greenhouse gas, is significantly reduced to near-zero during combustion in a Cummins hydrogen engine. 

“By using hydrogen as a fuel, you are able to achieve the high duty cycle while getting the lowest carbon dioxide emissions,” Chenanda said in a Cummins video addressing H2-ICE emissions. Small amounts of NOx will be mitigated by selective catalytic reduction (SCR), Chenanda added. 

It is also worth noting that H2-ICE can become carbon negative when fueled by hydrogen produced from methane according to CARB’s latest carbon intensity fuel pathway report. 

Hydrogen engines can also run on hydrogen that does not require higher levels of purity needed for fuel cells. Nebergall said this will help in the transition to zero-emission fuel cells as hydrogen infrastructure expands along with refinement capabilities.

Cummins has led the way with R&D investment on H2ICE technology in the UK after receiving substantial government funding from the Advanced Propulsion Centre to develop a hydrogen internal combustion engine for truck and construction equipment. This R&D is being led at the company’s Darlington facility working alongside leading businesses such as Phinia and Johnson Matthey.

CARB does not indicate an acceptance of H2-ICE but expressed in a statement the interest in maintaining an open mind for driven stakeholders like Cummins that continue to innovate in the space. 

"CARB is tracking emerging hydrogen combustion technologies including having conversations with a broad group of interested parties on the topic. We will continue to evaluate emissions and durability data as it becomes available to determine how it aligns with the state’s public health and air quality goals. At this time, various engine products with hydrogen combustion technology can be certified for sale by U.S. EPA and CARB. CARB’s priority remains public health and keeping California on course to counter the worst impact of climate change."

Hydrogen appeal across political aisles

According to the EPA, medium and heavy-duty trucks are attributable for 23% of total GHG emissions in the United States. Companies are working alongside competitors, research think tanks and government agencies to create new technology and enhance existing models to reduce and eliminate truck emissions. 

Though each powertrain has its pros and cons, when it comes to meeting the challenging demands of medium and heavy-duty trucking, it is hydrogen that is continuing to build bridges across technological and, perhaps more importantly, political divides. 

In its story “The Green Fuel That Even Red America Loves,” The Wall Street Journal notes that hydrogen has gained support from Republican representatives in Louisiana and Texas, both longtime key players in fossil fuels which are rich in hydrogen. 

And of course everything is bigger in Texas, including green hydrogen which is obtained from water through electrolysis powered by renewable energy like wind, solar or hydro. Just over a year ago, Republican Gov. Greg Abbott announced that his state would become home to the nation’s largest green hydrogen manufacturing plant. Following its targeted opening in 2027, Air Products and AES Corporation’s new megascale plant is expected to produce 200 metric tons per day of green hydrogen. 

"This project will not only bring hundreds of jobs and millions in revenue to the Lone Star State, but will also expand our state's robust energy sector and further solidify Texas as a global powerhouse in this critical industry,” Abbott said. 

Texas is home to one of seven hydrogen hubs recently launched across the U.S. by the Department of Energy through its Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs (H2Hubs) program. In the October announcement, President Biden pledged $7 billion for these hubs to build facilities to manufacture clean hydrogen. 

Once they’re up and running H2Hubs are expected to produce three million metric tons of hydrogen, much of which will be used to fuel hard-to-decarbonize sectors like commercial trucks. 

Cummins views H2-ICE as one of several options to help the commercial vehicle industry decarbonize. The Indiana-based company is also in the business of zero emissions through its subsidiary Accelera which manufacturers fuel cell powertrains, electrolyzers for producing hydrogen and all-electric powertrains. It’s this kind of varied approach that can more quickly and effectively address emissions concerns. 

Tom Quimby headshot

Tom Quimby

Tom Quimby, On-highway Journalist, has a broad range of experience covering various topics for local and national periodicals. His stories and photos have appeared in The Washington Times and more recently in Commercial Carrier Journal, Overdrive, Hard Working Trucks, Equipment World and Total Landscape Care. Tom has reported on Class 1 – 8 commercial vehicles since 2015. A graduate of the University of Southern California, Tom enjoyed growing up around hot rods, dirt bikes, deserts and beaches near San Diego. He now calls Northwest Florida home.

Cummins Custompaks are being used for water management as Thailand struggles with its water crisis

CustomPak on site

Water crisis

Sixty Cummins Inc. CustomPaks are in service in Thailand as part of a critical water management plan aimed at easing the country’s water crisis – a crisis that has caused enormous economic and social damage and stirred conflict among communities.

Over the past several decades, Thailand has continually faced water problems caused by severe drought. Water reserves in dams and reservoirs are insufficient while water resources are often contaminated with toxins caused by urban communities and the industrial and agricultural sectors.

Severe flooding is a threat, too, at a time when the realities of climate change are hanging over the country.

As a result, the allocation of precious water resources, which must be shared among various stakeholders including new and existing industry, large and small agriculture, and cities and villages has become a flashpoint.

Kittithanapat Engineering Co. (KTP), has been involved in the water management system since 1996, working closely with authorities such as the Royal Irrigation Department, Department of Water Resources, Bangkok Metropolitan Authority and others.

CustomPaks on site

600 hp CustomPaks

To help KTP meet its often urgent requirements, Cummins DKSH (Thailand) has recently supplied 60 Australian-built CustomPaks – 45 powered by Cummins’ X15 engine rated at 600 hp, and 15 powered by the QSL9 rated at 325 hp. These fully self-contained powerpacks are emissions certified to Tier 3.

The CustomPaks are coupled to hydraulically-driven, large-volume submersible water pumps sourced by KTP from US company Moving Water Industries (MWI); KTP is the exclusive distributor in Thailand for these MWI Hydroflo pumps.

Prior to Cummins’ involvement, KTP was using another diesel engine brand but service support wasn’t up to the standard required.

Long-serving KTP engineer Kittisak Thanasoot says Cummins DKSH’s reputation for technical and aftersales support along with the reliability of the Cummins product were a key reason behind KTP’s decision to specify the CustomPaks for the Royal Irrigation Department.

The ability of Cummins DKSH to respond to short delivery times was also important.

“Supplying large quantities of high horsepower diesel engines for emergency situations such as flash flooding can be a challenge for KTP,” says Kittisak Thanasoot.

“Responding to the needs of the government agencies to manage such problems in a timely manner and with least impact on communities, KTP has found the answer in our partnership with Cummins DKSH.”

Power, pride and passion

Parked semi truck

The switch back to Cummins power has been beneficial for iconic New Zealand company Uhlenberg Haulage. It's all about whole-of-life costs.

Uhlenberg Haulage is closing in on 60 years in business, having been founded in 1966 by Mike and Carol Uhlenberg.

Based in Eltham, Taranaki, in New Zealand’s North Island, the operation is today owned and operated by their sons Chris, Daryl and Tony Uhlenberg.

Describing the Uhlenbergs as “old school family truckies”, Daryl talks about the company’s time-honored journey with a definite tone of pride, especially the work of his parents in laying the foundations for what is today an iconic fleet in its own right.

Cummins Inc. made its debut in the Uhlenberg fleet in 1971 with an NH250 powering a second-hand Kenworth K923 used in logging. A second Kenworth, a new W924 with a Cummins NTC335, followed soon after hauling an LPG tanker.

The Uhlenberg operation today comprises 40 prime movers and a variety of trailing gear to cater for the myriad of a jobs the fleet is involved in.

A number of Peterbilts feature in the fleet although Kenworth is now the brand of choice with six new units to be delivered over the next 12 months to cater for business growth.

Cummins’ X15 Euro 5 engine rated at 550 or 600 hp is the preferred power specification, with 18 red engines currently in the fleet.

Uhlenberg family in front of truck

Whole-of-life support

“The switch to Cummins has been a very good experience for us. We have nothing but praise for the Cummins organization,” says Daryl.

“The whole-of-life picture is the key thing for us and we’ve got that nailed with the support we get from Cummins – parts availability, scheduled maintenance, life expectancy and in-frame rebuilds.

“So the red engines turn up, we run them to life, which is 900,000 to 1.2 million kilometers, and then Cummins does an in-frame overhaul in a timely manner. If there’s an issue, parts and support are close by.

“The support we get from Cummins Palmerston North is fantastic, second to none.”

Daryl recently looked under a Kenworth that was in the workshop for a service and was surprised to see no oil leaking from the one-million-kilometer X15. “I remember when I was a fitter we had to wear a raincoat when working under a truck,” he jokes.

Fuel agnostic

Acknowledging that the push to decarbonize is now “very real”, Daryl likes the idea of Cummins’ fuel agnostic concept where one base internal combustion engine, optimized to run on diesel, can also be customized to run on ultra-low and zero-carbon fuels like renewable natural gas and hydrogen.

“My father was a pioneer of linehaul trucking in New Zealand and he always embraced new technology. He was never scared of it,” he says.

“I tend to be a little more cautious but I can see where a 500 hp natural gas or hydrogen engine would work for us in short haul applications,” he admits. “We’re certainly willing to look closely at these alternative fuel technologies when suitable infrastructure is in place.”

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